Wednesday, May 13, 2009
Empty Face of A Twister
Blue Moon
I Get Around (To The Haber-Bosch Process)
When I Am A Young Man, I'll Smile Purple
Tuesday, May 12, 2009
Dr. Stamets Gift To Me

Cellulose is the most abundant polymer in nature. As Leonard Cohen never wrote, "That Old Black [Crone]'s still pickin' cotton for your ribbons and bows." By an old black crone I meant Mother Nature, of course.
The second most abundant polymer is lignin, which is not a polysaccaride at all, but rather a very complicated assembly of three modified alcohol molecules called p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol. (they are actually bonded with a propane like molecule, which doesn't hurt when you are burning wood. And, when lignin is broken down, what do you know, really valuable aromatic stuff comes flying out of this molecule that just prior to breakdown had been literally worth nothing to us (outside of combustion). That's why evolution perked up it's ears when fungus and bacteria came across lignin. It's a pandora's box stuffed with volatile organics that everyone loves.) The damned things are so cleverly bonded, and so complexly mixed up in their construction, that mankind has had a bit of difficulty seeing the white of it's eyes much less cutting it down to size, something rather necessary should we wish to quit our "smoking" (carbon base fuel combustion) habit.
So what is commonly referred to as the holy grail of "cellulosic" alcohol, is actually a bit of a more complicated matter due to considerations that need to be made (and are being made) about the other thirty percent of our Earth biomass: lignin.
I have been interested in lignin for years due to having slowly in my life found it ever more interesting every time I come across it. Sort of like girls. As a very small boy they occupied almost no attention for me at all. But, by and by they gathered more and more significance as my self bumped into theirs. And today I am about halfway toward that point in my late life when I will have finally placed "women/girls" on the pedestal that all old men, almost cartoonishly "learn" to place them. Like I said, sort... of like girls.
So, I discovered lignin when learning stuff in grade school and high school in biology class. Inevitably it was presented as part of a tree, or a part of the wood of a tree or whatever. Not much was said about it because it was presumed to be above our heads to chat much about it's chemistry, ect. It was certainly above the head of much of science to describe what exactly gave lignin it's incredible durability in nature. A fully peer reviewed an rubber stamped scientific model of the molecular structure of lignin remains a bit off. Sections of various different types of lignin have been modeled. I tell you, I am not making it sound as interesting as I should. But wait...
So I went along in life until I was about thirty years old thinking occasionally about a rotten piece of wood in the woods, "boy oh boy, the cellulose in that wood was a nice snack some time ago, but the lignin, is here for the duration of my life." Or something to that effect. Then I read the great Paul Stamets Mycellium Running, after finding it in its appropriate spot at Borders Books. That darn book, even though I had read Aurora's Mushroom's Demystified and really, a bunch of other mycocultural tomes when I was studying while working at Worms Way eleven years ago.... that darn book just hung me upside down and shook. My head banged against the ground a few times, causing some much needed brain damage, and before I knew it I had the beginners mind to start all over again with my consideration of mold, fungus, and the truly delightful mycellium.
I won't go on and on, since I hope to give a better treatment to the delightful fungal world some other time. However, every time I am in my garden, because of Dr. Stamets, I see stuff that were it not so cool it would give me the willlies. Mold growing in every direction beneath the life I live and into the things I love and eat and live within. Most of the time this is regarded as a terrible thing. But common sense is useless in this realm. My garden plants sit like miserable baby's, ignored and failing to thrive, until the mold in my soil pierces their roots with their fungal hyphae. Once that happens, the old memory of evolution and eukaryotic magic enlivens my plants, giving them moisture and sugars, and a life that covers an area so much larger than I ever could have imagined before Dr. Stamets, that yes, I admit, mine is a different perspective entirely.
River Me Timbers
I always wondered as a kid why topsoil was so crucial to plants. It was usually said to me that topsoil contains the precious water holding organic matter and some micronutrients that plants need for optimum health. And in many cases, without enormous expenditure by man, and care, without topsoil and organic matter, plants won't survive.
So, I realized, even as a child that topsoil was crucial. But I didn't get it. I would hear about the erosion of topsoil constantly. I would watch filmstrips (beep!) with the rest of class (beep!) The music would go a little minor from the tape cassette when topsoil was mentioned. Unlike the television commercials today, that are so clever at knowing our human dispair, rarely at the end of the section of the filmstrip on topsoil did an acoustic guitar begin a more major modality to calm everyones nerves. Topsoil was not only a mysterious subject, but a depressing one. A dust bowl of mysteries, constantly flowing away.
In most ways, due to modern agriculture, for large sections of the country (and certainly the world) this problem remains it's identical self. Believe it or not, out in the Gulf of Mexico, where you won't be surprised to hear the Mississippi drains, there is a huge pile of debris (trees, cars, trash, but mostly topsoil) just sitting in a nearly colloidal state of greater and greater instability. You might wonder why it doesn't just build up such that the coast of Louisiana moves a few feet further South each year. Well, we know that the coast is actually moving in the other direction from reading USA Today. So, I need not make a case that an alternative scenario is taking place. Just pause and glance at the cover of the paper as you leave the Circle K, houses are becoming ocean, not the other way around. So what happens to all that soil from the Big Muddy? Well, interestingly enough, we really didn't even think about it until we started stringing undersea cables hither and yon all over creation. And sure enough, just as we became comfortable that we'd be able to tap our messages to Cuba ad infinitum, the sea monsters on the map took a bite out of our super thick undersea cables, rendering the loquacious fervor of the roaring twenties to a muted state of terrified reflection. Well, don't say God didn't warn them.
It took awhile for people to figure out what might (other than a leviathon) be snapping cables as thick as a telephone pole like they were strands of a spiders web. Eventually, some mild mannered sap, majoring in seismic studies of earthquakes, ect. set up his "ears" to the ground close enough to the Gulf of Mexico to hear a rather stupendous crash, which to his astonishment, not one other Christian soul this side of the world seemed to have heard. Must of been a strange thing to have checked his recording of the bang... there had been an earthquake. But not a soul seemed to notice. No news reports, no radio reports, no nothing. Except for one thing...
For the third time, it became suspected that the ding dongs stringing the undersea cable through the Gulf of Mexico were going to go bankrupt. They were claiming a sincere bafflement at their misfortune, but the circumstances could not have been more dire. When they pulled the now silent cable from the Gulf, its ends were as split as the fibers of a hemp rope. And about as useful. What could have strained a cable this thick, to actually pull each wire, and thin it's ductile nature to a hair like diameter? Nobody believed a whale, as witnessed and described by man so far, could account for such violence to the cable. So, inquiry was being made into the various providers to the manufacturer of the cable to discover what had gone wrong in the manufacture of the wires such that their required strength was so catastrophically unmet. This went on for a bit, as all investigations into matters that have nothing to do with reality must. Then, a meek and bespectacled researcher in earthquakes finally was accepted into the audience of the cable manufacturer. For some reason, a cigar chomping captain of industry, who hated researchers as a rule, was more than receptive to the nervous young scientist with his scroll of data, a plotted mountain of evidence, that, as far fetched as it seemed, was the only good news the Executive had heard, at his desk, in a long, long while. The scientist refused, politely, a cigar.
Sure enough, the evidence mounted, that the cables were manufactured just fine. As long as they weren't laid just beside the periodic underwater avalanche of debris that our hero, the non smoking scientist had actually heard, even on land, near the Gulf. It seemed that a cycle of build up and fall down described the topsoil from the Mississippi that dumped into the Gulf. And the violence that occurred when the mountain of wet colloidal soil disintegrated would be difficult to describe had that cable not come from the Gulf and done the describing for us. Eventually the radio companies learned to float the cables about halfway down, and avoid the Big Muddy's progeny.
I thought this all very fascinating.